Hydrastis canadensis (root)

Nomenclature

Hydrastis canadensis L.   Ranunculaceae  
Standardized common name (English): goldenseal

Botanical Voucher Specimen

Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org

Macroscopic Characteristics

Goldenseal has a thick, yellow rootstock which sends up an erect, hairy stem about 1 foot in height which branches near the top, one branch bearing a large leaf and another a smaller leaf and a flower. The leaves have from five to nine lobes and when full grown are from 6 to 8 inches in diameter. The greenish white flower which appears in April or May is unattractive and peculiar in form and is followed by a large, fleshy, berrylike head, which when it ripens in autumn is bright red, resembling a large raspberry, and which contains from 10 to 20 small, shining, hard, black seeds. The rootstock when fresh is bright yellow externally and internally with fibrous rootlets produced from the sides. The latter when dry are very brittle and are frequently broken off when the rootstocks are handled. Source: American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930) Hydrastis canadensis is a small, herbaceous, perennial plant, with a thick, fleshy, yellow (rhizome, from which numerous long roots arise, and an erect, simple, pubescent stem, from six inches to a foot in height. There are usually but two leaves, which are unequal, one sessile at the top of the stem, the other attached to the stem, a short distance below by a thick roundish footstalk, causing the stem to appear as if bifurcate near the summit. The leaves are pubescent, roundish-cordate, with from three to seven, but generally five, lobes, which are pointed and unequally serrate. A solitary flower stands upon a peduncle rising from the basis of the upper leaf. It is without corolla, but with a greenish white calyx, the sepals of which closely resemble petals, and are very caducous, falling very soon after the flower has expanded. The fruit is a globose, compound, red or crimson berry, half an inch or more in diameter, composed of many fleshy carpels, each tipped with a short curved beak, and containing one or rarely two seeds. Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) Source: PlantaPhile Source: PlantaPhile

Microscopic Characteristics

Vessel element showing circular perforation from Hydrastis canadensis viewed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate. Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories	Orange brown granular mass from Hydrastis canadensis viewed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate. Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

Hydrastis canadensis HPTLC ID - Ninhydrin Reagent UV 365 nm Golden Seal (root) (Hydrastis canadensis) Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample): 5 μL Hydrastine ~0.1% in Methanol 3 μL Hydrastis canadensis-1 (root) 3 μL Hydrastis canadensis-2 (root) 3 μL Hydrastis canadensis-3 (root) 3 μL Hydrastis canadensis-3 (root) 3 μL Hydrastis canadensis-4 (root) 3 μL Hydrastis canadensis-5 (root) 1 μL Berberine chloride ~0.1% in Methanol Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA.  Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates  Mobile Phase ethyl acetate: methanol: HCOOH: water [10/2/1.2/0.6]  Sample Preparation Method 0.25g+4 ml 80% MeOH snct 1/2 hr cntrfg/dcnt, add 2mL MeOH, vrtx&cntrfg,dcnt&qs to 20mL w MeOH  Detection Method Ninhydrin Reagent -> UV 365 nm  Reference see American Herbal Pharmacopoeia & Therapeutic Compendium Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories