Sambucus nigra (flower)

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{{Macroscopy | source=American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930)
 
{{Macroscopy | source=American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930)
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| description=Elder [''Sambucus canadensis''] is a shrub attaining a height of 6 to 10 feet, its light gray, numerous stems being generally smooth and the younger ones containing a large white pith.  The leaves are large and consist of 5 to 11 leaflets about 2 to 5 inches in length borne on short stalks.  About June or July the flat-topped, fragrant clusters appear, composed of numerous, 5-lobed, wheel-shaped, creamy-white flowers.  The clusters of edible fruits which follow are black or a very dark purple, small, round, shining, and juicy.
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| description=[American] Elder [''Sambucus canadensis''] is a shrub attaining a height of 6 to 10 feet, its light gray, numerous stems being generally smooth and the younger ones containing a large white pith.  The leaves are large and consist of 5 to 11 leaflets about 2 to 5 inches in length borne on short stalks.  About June or July the flat-topped, fragrant clusters appear, composed of numerous, 5-lobed, wheel-shaped, creamy-white flowers.  The clusters of edible fruits which follow are black or a very dark purple, small, round, shining, and juicy.
 
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 
{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)

Latest revision as of 14:04, 24 June 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Sambucus nigra.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Sambucus nigra L.   Caprifoliaceae  
Standardized common name (English): European elder

Botanical Voucher Specimen

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Sambucus nigra Tropicos 71201 (S).jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Sambucus nigra Tropicos 100000898 (S).jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[2]


Organoleptic Characteristics

[Sambucus canadensis flowers] have an aromatic though rather heavy odor.

Odor faintly sweet and aromatic; taste slightly bitter.
Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [3]

Macroscopic Characteristics

[American] Elder [Sambucus canadensis] is a shrub attaining a height of 6 to 10 feet, its light gray, numerous stems being generally smooth and the younger ones containing a large white pith. The leaves are large and consist of 5 to 11 leaflets about 2 to 5 inches in length borne on short stalks. About June or July the flat-topped, fragrant clusters appear, composed of numerous, 5-lobed, wheel-shaped, creamy-white flowers. The clusters of edible fruits which follow are black or a very dark purple, small, round, shining, and juicy.

Source: American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930) [4]
Sambucus canadensis, [American elder,] is a shrub from six to ten feet high, with a branching stem, covered with a rough gray bark, and containing a large spongy pith. The small branches and leaf-stalks are very smooth. The leaves are opposite, pinnate, sometimes bipinnate, and composed usually of five to nine oblong-oval, acuminate, smooth, shining, deep-green leaflets; the veins of the under surface are somewhat pubescent. The flowers are small, white, and disposed in loose cymes; the cream-colored corolla is wheel-shaped, with five stamens on the tube. The berries are small, globular, and deep purple when ripe. The shrubs grow in low, moist grounds, along fences, and on the borders of small streams, throughout the United States, from Canada to the Carolinas, and westward as far as Arizona and Texas. It flowers from May to July, and ripens its fruit early in autumn.

[The flower is] small, from 2 to 3 mm. in breadth, shrivelled; calyx superior, five-lobed; corolla cream-colored to brownish-yellow, rotate, flat or slightly campanulate, regularly five-lobed; stamens five inserted at the base of the corolla, and alternating with its lobes, filaments slender, anthers oblong, yellow; pollen ellipsoidal or tetrahedral and rounded, covered with finely punctate markings and having three pores.

The common elder, Sambucus nigra, of Europe, differs from the American most obviously in its size, the former approaching in height that of a small tree. The stem is much branched towards the top, and has a rough whitish bark. The leaves are narrower. The flowers are small, whitish and in five-parted cymes. The ovary consists of but three carpels, there being five cells in S. canadensis L. The berries are larger in the European elder, globular, and blackish-purple when ripe.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [5]
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PlantaPhile - 580.jpg
Source: PlantaPhile[6]

PlantaPhile - 2518.jpg
Source: PlantaPhile[7]

Microscopic Characteristics

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Sambucus nigra - Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Tricoplate pollen grains with finely punctate exine observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[8]

Sambucus nigra-1 - Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Spherical stomate observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[9]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/71201
  2. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100000898
  3. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  4. ↑ American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930)
  5. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  6. ↑ PlantaPhile http://plantaphile.com/
  7. ↑ PlantaPhile http://plantaphile.com/
  8. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  9. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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