Lactuca virosa (leaf)

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{{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 
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| description=[''Lactuca_virosa'']_is lactescent, and has a strong disagreeable odor like that of opium,
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| description=[''Lactuca virosa''] is lactescent, and has a strong disagreeable odor like that of opium,
 
and a bitterish, acrid taste.}}
 
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 
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| description=Lactuca virosa, the acrid or strong-scented lettuce, is biennial, with a stem from two to four feet high, erect, prickly near the base, above smooth and divided into branches. The lower leaves are large, oblongovate, undivided, toothed, commonly prickly on the under side of the midrib, sessile, and horizontal; the upper are smaller, clasping, and often lobed; the bracts are cordate and pointed. The flowers are numerous, of a sulphur-yellow color, and disposed in a panicle. The plant is a native of Europe.}}
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| description=''Lactuca virosa'', the acrid or strong-scented lettuce, is biennial, with a stem from two to four feet high, erect, prickly near the base, above smooth and divided into branches. The lower leaves are large, oblongovate, undivided, toothed, commonly prickly on the under side of the midrib, sessile, and horizontal; the upper are smaller, clasping, and often lobed; the bracts are cordate and pointed. The flowers are numerous, of a sulphur-yellow color, and disposed in a panicle. The plant is a native of Europe.}}
 
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Revision as of 14:12, 31 March 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Lactuca virosa.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Lactuca virosa L.   Asteraceae  
Standardized common name (English): wild lettuce

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright bottomright

Lactuca virosa Tropicos 100263601.jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Lactuca virosa Kew imageBarcode=K000815027 379963.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[2]

Lactuca virosa var. cruenta Kew imageBarcode=K000815029 379965.jpg
Lactuca virosa var. cruenta
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[3]

Organoleptic Characteristics

[Lactuca virosa] is lactescent, and has a strong disagreeable odor like that of opium,

and a bitterish, acrid taste.
Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [4]

Macroscopic Characteristics

Lactuca virosa, the acrid or strong-scented lettuce, is biennial, with a stem from two to four feet high, erect, prickly near the base, above smooth and divided into branches. The lower leaves are large, oblongovate, undivided, toothed, commonly prickly on the under side of the midrib, sessile, and horizontal; the upper are smaller, clasping, and often lobed; the bracts are cordate and pointed. The flowers are numerous, of a sulphur-yellow color, and disposed in a panicle. The plant is a native of Europe.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [5]

Microscopic Characteristics

bottomright bottomright

Lactuca virosa - Alkemist Laboratories.png
Large trichome found on the lower epidermis near the vein showing lignified cell observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[6]

Lactuca virosa-1- Alkemist Laboratories.png
Dark brown latex observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[7]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
(thumbnail)
Lactuca virosa HPTLC ID - Natural Product Reagent + PEG UV 365 nm

Wild Lettuce (leaf) (Lactuca virosa)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 2 μL Rutin, Caffeic Acid, Hyperoside, Chlorogenic Acid ~ 0.1% in Methanol
  2. 3 μL Lactuca virosa-1 (leaf)
  3. 3 μL Lactuca virosa-2 (herb)
  4. 3 μL Lactuca virosa-3 (leaf)
  5. 3 μL Lactuca virosa-3 (leaf)
  6. 3 μL Lactuca virosa-4 (herb)
  7. 3 μL Lactuca virosa-5 (herb)
  8. 2 μL Rutin, Caffeic Acid, Hyperoside, Chlorogenic Acid ~ 0.1% in Methanol

Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase ethyl acetate: formic acid: glacial acetic acid: water [10/0.9/0.9/2] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3g+3mL CH3OH sonicate/heat @~50° C ~ 1/2 hr 

Detection Method Natural Product Reagent + PEG -> UV 365 nm 

Reference see Lactuca_virosa_-_Alkemists_Laboratories.jpg


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [8]

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100263601
  2. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000815027
  3. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000815029
  4. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  5. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  6. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  7. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  8. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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