Juniperus communis (fruit)

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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
 
=Organoleptic Characteristics=
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{{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=[''Juniperus communis'' (fruit) have an ...] aromatic odor; taste sweet, pleasant, terebinthinate, slightly bitter.}}
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
 
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=[''Juniperus communis'' (fruit)] are nearly globular, about 8 mm. in diameter; externally smooth, shining, black-brown to purplish-black with a blue-gray bloom, at the apex a three-rayed furrow marks the cohesion of the three fleshy bracta forming the pericarp; internally loosely fleshy, greenish-brown, containing numerous large schizogenous cavities; seeds three, triangular ovate, hard, brown, with large uneven oil glands on the surface.}}
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
 
=Microscopic Characteristics=
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=Sections, when examined under the microscope, exhibit a pericarp consisting of an epiderm of a single row of rounded polygonal cells filled with a brown granular substance, at the sutures of the bracts these become blunt papillae; a hypodermis of two or three rows or brown-red, collenchymatous cells thickened at the angles; the fleshy portion (mesophyl) composed of loose, irregular parenchyma with large oval canals and traversed by fibro-vascular bundles with areolated fibers; a sclerenchymatous ring of six to eight rows of very thick cells with pitted walls, many enclosing prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; the seed-testa shows a layer of two to ten rows of stone cells with radial markings on the walls and each enclosing a polygonal crystal of calcium oxalate; endosperm and embryo rich in fat and aleurone.}}
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{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
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             | reference= An Anatomical Atlas of Vegetable Powders, Greenish, H., 1904
 
             | reference= An Anatomical Atlas of Vegetable Powders, Greenish, H., 1904
 
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
 
=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=

Revision as of 02:51, 25 March 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Juniperus communis.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Juniperus communis L.   Cupressaceae  
Standardized common name (English): juniper  
Ayurvedic name(s): hapusha

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright

Juniperus communis Tropicos 100130123 (S).jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Organoleptic Characteristics

[Juniperus communis (fruit) have an ...] aromatic odor; taste sweet, pleasant, terebinthinate, slightly bitter.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [2]

Macroscopic Characteristics

[Juniperus communis (fruit)] are nearly globular, about 8 mm. in diameter; externally smooth, shining, black-brown to purplish-black with a blue-gray bloom, at the apex a three-rayed furrow marks the cohesion of the three fleshy bracta forming the pericarp; internally loosely fleshy, greenish-brown, containing numerous large schizogenous cavities; seeds three, triangular ovate, hard, brown, with large uneven oil glands on the surface.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [3]

Microscopic Characteristics

Sections, when examined under the microscope, exhibit a pericarp consisting of an epiderm of a single row of rounded polygonal cells filled with a brown granular substance, at the sutures of the bracts these become blunt papillae; a hypodermis of two or three rows or brown-red, collenchymatous cells thickened at the angles; the fleshy portion (mesophyl) composed of loose, irregular parenchyma with large oval canals and traversed by fibro-vascular bundles with areolated fibers; a sclerenchymatous ring of six to eight rows of very thick cells with pitted walls, many enclosing prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; the seed-testa shows a layer of two to ten rows of stone cells with radial markings on the walls and each enclosing a polygonal crystal of calcium oxalate; endosperm and embryo rich in fat and aleurone.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [4]
bottomright bottomright

Juniperus communis - Alkemist Laboratories.png
Epicarp observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[5]

Juniperus communis-1- Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Idioblasts of the fruit flesh observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[6]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100130123
  2. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  3. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  4. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  5. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  6. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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