Carthamus tinctorius (flower)

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=Introduction=
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Carthamus tinctorius'' (flower) }} {{askbox|herb=''Carthamus tinctorius''}}
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=Macroscopic Entries=
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=Nomenclature=
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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{{nomenclature | binomial=Carthamus tinctorius
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| description=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L. ''Safflower''.—
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|authority=L.
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The African, false, American, or dyers' saffron is an annual composite, with a smooth, erect stem, somewhat branched at top, and a foot or two in height. ... The florets are in mass of a red color, diversified by the yellow of the styles contained within the floret. It has a peculiar, slightly aromatic odor, and a scarcely perceptible bitterness.
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|family=Asteraceae
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|scn=safflower
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|syn=
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|ayurvedic=kusumbha
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|pinyin=hong hua (flower)
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|aka=
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|notes= }}
  
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It contains a fixed oil; also two coloring substances—one red, insoluble in alkaline liquids, and called ''carthamin'' or ''carthamic acid'' by Dobereiner, who found it to possess weak acid properties; the other yellow, and soluble in water.  
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
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{{Media3 |cat=Voucher
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|companyimage=Starr herbarium logo.png
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| companyURL=http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
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|mainimage=Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00505324.jpg
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|caption1=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L.
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|source=Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden
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|companyimage2=Starr herbarium logo.png
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| companyURL2=http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
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|image2=Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00703082.jpg
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|caption2=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L.
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|source2=Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden
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|companyimage3=Starr herbarium logo.png
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| companyURL3=http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
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|image3=Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00505329.jpg
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|caption3=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L.
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|source3=Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden
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|}}
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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L. ''Safflower''.— [...] has a peculiar, slightly aromatic odor, and a scarcely perceptible bitterness. }}
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|}
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L. ''Safflower''.— The African, false, American, or dyers' saffron is an annual composite, with a smooth, erect stem, somewhat branched at top, and a foot or two in height. [...] The florets are in mass of a red color, diversified by the yellow of the styles contained within the floret. [...] It contains a fixed oil; also two coloring substances—one red, insoluble in alkaline liquids, and called ''carthamin'' or ''carthamic acid'' by Dobereiner, who found it to possess weak acid properties; the other yellow, and soluble in water.  
 
}}
 
}}
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|}
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
  
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=Microscopic Entries=
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{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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{{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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       | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
 
       | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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       | companyURL=http://www.Alkemist.com
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       | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
 
       | mainimage=Safflower Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
 
       | mainimage=Safflower Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
 
       | caption1=Fragment of the corolla showing brown laticiferous vessels observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
       | caption1=Fragment of the corolla showing brown laticiferous vessels observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
       | description= Safflower (flower) (''Carthamus tinctorius'')
 
       | description= Safflower (flower) (''Carthamus tinctorius'')
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| source2=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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      | companyimage2= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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      | companyURL2=http://www.alkemist.com
 
       | image2=Safflower-1 Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
 
       | image2=Safflower-1 Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
 
       | caption2=Three pored pollen grain shown exuding contents observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
       | caption2=Three pored pollen grain shown exuding contents observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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=HPTLC Entries=
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
 
{{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
{{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
             | description=Safflower (flower) (''Carthamus tinctorius'')
 
             | description=Safflower (flower) (''Carthamus tinctorius'')
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=Other Points of Interest=
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=Supplementary Information=
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[[Category:NoIntro]]
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=Sources=
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<references />

Latest revision as of 18:28, 21 July 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Carthamus tinctorius.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Carthamus tinctorius L.   Asteraceae  
Standardized common name (English): safflower  
Ayurvedic name(s): kusumbha  
Pinyin name(s): hong hua (flower)

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright bottomright

Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00505324.jpg
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Source: Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden[1]

Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00703082.jpg
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Source: Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden[2]

Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00505329.jpg
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Source: Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden[3]

Organoleptic Characteristics

Carthamus tinctorius L. Safflower.— [...] has a peculiar, slightly aromatic odor, and a scarcely perceptible bitterness.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [4]

Macroscopic Characteristics

Carthamus tinctorius L. Safflower.— The African, false, American, or dyers' saffron is an annual composite, with a smooth, erect stem, somewhat branched at top, and a foot or two in height. [...] The florets are in mass of a red color, diversified by the yellow of the styles contained within the floret. [...] It contains a fixed oil; also two coloring substances—one red, insoluble in alkaline liquids, and called carthamin or carthamic acid by Dobereiner, who found it to possess weak acid properties; the other yellow, and soluble in water.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [5]

Microscopic Characteristics

bottomright bottomright

Safflower Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Fragment of the corolla showing brown laticiferous vessels observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[6]

Safflower-1 Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Three pored pollen grain shown exuding contents observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[7]


High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
(thumbnail)
Carthamus tinctorius HPTLC ID - Natural Product Reagent + PEG UV 365 nm

Safflower (flower) (Carthamus tinctorius)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 1 μL Rutin, Caffeic Acid, Hyperoside, Chlorogenic Acid ~ 0.1% in Methanol
  2. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-1 (flower)
  3. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-2 (flower)
  4. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-3 (flower)
  5. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-3 (flower)
  6. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-4 (flower)
  7. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-5 (flower)
  8. 1 μL Rutin, Caffeic Acid, Hyperoside, Chlorogenic Acid ~ 0.1% in Methanol

Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase ethyl acetate: AcCOOH: HCOOH: H2O [10/1.1/1.1/2.4] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3 g + 3 ml CH3OH sonicated + heated @ 50° C ~ 1 hr 

Detection Method Natural Product Reagent + PEG -> UV 365 nm 

Reference see Adapted from Plant Drug Analysis, Wagner, H., 1996


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [8]


Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
  2. ↑ Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
  3. ↑ Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
  4. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  5. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  6. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  7. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  8. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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