Citrus paradisi (seed)

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=Introduction=
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Citrus paradisi'' (seed) }} {{askbox|herb=''Citrus paradisi''}}
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=Macroscopic Entries=
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=Nomenclature=
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=Microscopic Entries=
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{{nomenclature | binomial=Citrus x paradisi
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=HPTLC Entries=
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|authority=Macfad.
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=Other Points of Interest=
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|family=Rutaceae
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[[Category:blank]]
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|scn=grapefruit
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|syn=
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|ayurvedic=
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|pinyin=
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|aka=
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|notes= }}
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
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{{Media |cat=Voucher
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|companyimage=Starr herbarium logo.png
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| companyURL=http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
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|mainimage=Citrus paradisi Macfad. - Starr - v-162-01341949.jpg
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|caption1=''Citrus paradisi'' Macfad.
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|source=Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden
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|}}
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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
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{{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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            | description=Grapefruit (seed) (''Citrus paradisi'')
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            | companyimage=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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            | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
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            | mainimage=Citrus paradisi seed - Alkemists Laboratories.jpg
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            | caption1=''Citrus paradisi'' HPTLC ID - 10% Ethanolic H2SO4-> 115° C 15 min -> UV 365 nm
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            | stationaryphase=Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates
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            | mobilephase=CHCl3: CH3OH: HCOOH: H2O [6/2/1.4/0.1]
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            | prep=0.3 g + 3 ml CH3OH sonicate/heat @ 50° C ~ 1/2 hr
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            | detection=10% Ethanolic H2SO4-> 115° C 15 min -> UV 365 nm
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            | lanes= Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):
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# 3 μL Hesperidin, Hesperitin ~0.1% in CH3OH
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# 3 μL ''Citrus paradisi''-1 (seed)
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# 3 μL ''Citrus paradisi''-2 (seed)
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# 3 μL ''Citrus paradisi''-3 (seed)
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# 3 μL ''Citrus paradisi''-3 (seed)
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# 3 μL ''Citrus paradisi''-4 (seed)
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# 3 μL ''Citrus paradisi''-5 (seed)
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# 3 μL Naringin, Naringenin ~0.1% in CH3OH
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Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA.
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            | reference=Method Developed by Alkemists Laboratories
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            | }}
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=Supplementary Information=
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== ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program Laboratory Guidance ==
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{{Botanical  | source=ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program
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          | companyimage=BAPP-logo-2018-2line-LOW2.jpg
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          | companyURL=http://cms.herbalgram.org/BAP/LGD/GrapefruitSeedExtractLabGuidanceDocument.html
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            | description=Grapefruit (seed extract) (''Citrus paradisi'')
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            | characteristics=This ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program  [http://cms.herbalgram.org/BAP/LGD/GrapefruitSeedExtractLabGuidanceDocument.html Laboratory Guidance Document] presents an overview and comparison of various analytical technologies and methods used to differentiate between authentic grapefruit seed extract ingredients and non-authentic materials, with particular discussion of synthetic microbicidal compounds identified in non-authentic materials, authentic grapefruit seed extract components, and a detailed literature review of methods (including sample characterization via TLC, HPLC-UV, HPLC-MS, GC-MS, and others).
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              }}
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=Sources=
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<references />

Latest revision as of 17:38, 17 October 2018

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Citrus paradisi.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Citrus x paradisi Macfad.   Rutaceae  
Standardized common name (English): grapefruit

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright

Citrus paradisi Macfad. - Starr - v-162-01341949.jpg
Citrus paradisi Macfad.
Source: Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden[1]

Organoleptic Characteristics

Macroscopic Characteristics

Microscopic Characteristics

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
(thumbnail)
Citrus paradisi HPTLC ID - 10% Ethanolic H2SO4-> 115° C 15 min -> UV 365 nm

Grapefruit (seed) (Citrus paradisi)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 3 μL Hesperidin, Hesperitin ~0.1% in CH3OH
  2. 3 μL Citrus paradisi-1 (seed)
  3. 3 μL Citrus paradisi-2 (seed)
  4. 3 μL Citrus paradisi-3 (seed)
  5. 3 μL Citrus paradisi-3 (seed)
  6. 3 μL Citrus paradisi-4 (seed)
  7. 3 μL Citrus paradisi-5 (seed)
  8. 3 μL Naringin, Naringenin ~0.1% in CH3OH

Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase CHCl3: CH3OH: HCOOH: H2O [6/2/1.4/0.1] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3 g + 3 ml CH3OH sonicate/heat @ 50° C ~ 1/2 hr 

Detection Method 10% Ethanolic H2SO4-> 115° C 15 min -> UV 365 nm 

Reference see Method Developed by Alkemists Laboratories


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [2]

Supplementary Information

ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program Laboratory Guidance

BAPP-logo-2018-2line-LOW2.jpg

Grapefruit (seed extract) (Citrus paradisi) 

General Characteristics This ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program Laboratory Guidance Document presents an overview and comparison of various analytical technologies and methods used to differentiate between authentic grapefruit seed extract ingredients and non-authentic materials, with particular discussion of synthetic microbicidal compounds identified in non-authentic materials, authentic grapefruit seed extract components, and a detailed literature review of methods (including sample characterization via TLC, HPLC-UV, HPLC-MS, GC-MS, and others).

Source: ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program [3]

Sources

  1. ↑ Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
  2. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  3. ↑ ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program http://cms.herbalgram.org/BAP/LGD/GrapefruitSeedExtractLabGuidanceDocument.html
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