Manihot esculenta (root)

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=Introduction=
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Manihot esculenta'' (root) }} {{askbox|herb=''Manihot esculenta''}}
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=Macroscopic Entries=
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=Nomenclature=
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=Microscopic Entries=
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{{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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{{nomenclature | binomial=Manihot esculenta
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|authority=Crantz
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|family=Euphorbiaceae
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|scn=cassava
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|syn=''Janipha manihot'' (L.) Kunth; ''Jatropha manihot'' L.
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|ayurvedic=
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|pinyin=
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|aka=bitter cassava; Brazilian arrowroot; manioc
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|notes=The starch obtained from the roots of M. esculenta is commonly known as tapioca. }}
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
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{{Media3      |cat=Voucher
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            | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
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            | mainimage=Manihot_esculenta_Tropicos_100000722_(S).jpg
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            | companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif
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            | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100000722
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            | reference=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Mar 2014 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100000722>
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| companyimage2=Kewlogo.gif
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| companyURL2=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000600386
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| image2=Manihot esculenta Kew barcode=K000600386 225709.jpg
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| source2=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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| companyimage3=Kewlogo.gif
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| companyURL3=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000716450
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| image3=Manihot esculenta Kew barcode=K000716450 553207.jpg
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| source3=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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            | }}
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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=Tapioca is in irregular, hard, white, rough grains, possessing little taste, partially soluble in cold water, and affording a fine blue color when iodine is added to its filtered solution. The partial solubility in cold water is owing to the rupture of the starch granules by heat. }}
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|}
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=Examined under the microscope, the granules appear somewhat plano-convex or bell-shaped and more or less compound. The individual grains vary from 0.006 to 0.030 mm. in diameter and have a distinct central circular or radiating cleft. They polarize light strongly, showing a distinct cross. }}
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{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
             | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
 
             | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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             | companyURL=http://www.Alkemist.com
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             | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
 
             | mainimage=Manihot_esculenta_-_Alkemist_Laboratories.jpg
 
             | mainimage=Manihot_esculenta_-_Alkemist_Laboratories.jpg
 
             | caption1=Starch granules of various sizes from 5-30 µm in diameter rounded and sub spherical observed with an irregularly stellate cleft  at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
             | caption1=Starch granules of various sizes from 5-30 µm in diameter rounded and sub spherical observed with an irregularly stellate cleft  at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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             | description= Cassava (root) (''Manihot esculenta'')
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| source2=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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            | companyimage2= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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             | companyURL2=http://www.alkemist.com
 
             | image2=Manihot_esculenta-1_-_Alkemist_Laboratories.jpg
 
             | image2=Manihot_esculenta-1_-_Alkemist_Laboratories.jpg
 
             | caption2=Starch granules of various sizes from 5-30 µm in diameter rounded and sub spherical seen under polarized light showing a linear hilum at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
             | caption2=Starch granules of various sizes from 5-30 µm in diameter rounded and sub spherical seen under polarized light showing a linear hilum at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
             | reference=Powdered Vegetable Drugs, Jackson, B., 1968
 
             | reference=Powdered Vegetable Drugs, Jackson, B., 1968
 
             | }}
 
             | }}
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|}
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
  
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=HPTLC Entries=
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=Supplementary Information=
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=Other Points of Interest=
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=Sources=
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[[Category:NoIntro]]
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<references />

Latest revision as of 15:02, 26 May 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Manihot esculenta.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Manihot esculenta Crantz   Euphorbiaceae  
Syn. Janipha manihot (L.) Kunth; Jatropha manihot L.  
Standardized common name (English): cassava

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright bottomright

Manihot esculenta Tropicos 100000722 (S).jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Manihot esculenta Kew barcode=K000600386 225709.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[2]

Manihot esculenta Kew barcode=K000716450 553207.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[3]

Organoleptic Characteristics

Macroscopic Characteristics

Tapioca is in irregular, hard, white, rough grains, possessing little taste, partially soluble in cold water, and affording a fine blue color when iodine is added to its filtered solution. The partial solubility in cold water is owing to the rupture of the starch granules by heat.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [4]

Microscopic Characteristics

Examined under the microscope, the granules appear somewhat plano-convex or bell-shaped and more or less compound. The individual grains vary from 0.006 to 0.030 mm. in diameter and have a distinct central circular or radiating cleft. They polarize light strongly, showing a distinct cross.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [5]
bottomright bottomright

Manihot esculenta - Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Starch granules of various sizes from 5-30 µm in diameter rounded and sub spherical observed with an irregularly stellate cleft at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[6]

Manihot esculenta-1 - Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Starch granules of various sizes from 5-30 µm in diameter rounded and sub spherical seen under polarized light showing a linear hilum at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[7]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100000722
  2. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000600386
  3. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000716450
  4. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  5. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  6. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  7. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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