View source for Zingiber officinale (rhizome)

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Zingiber officinale'' (rhizome) }}

=Nomenclature=
{{nomenclature | binomial=Zingiber officinale
|authority=Roscoe
|family=Zingiberaceae
|scn=ginger
|syn=
|ayurvedic=ardraka (fresh rhizome); shunthi (dried rhizome)
|pinyin=jiang; sheng jiang (fresh rhizome); gan jiang (dried rhizome); pao jiang (prepared rhizome); jiang pi (peel)
|aka=
|notes= }}

=Botanical Voucher Specimen=

{{Media      | cat=Voucher 

             | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
             | mainimage=Zingiber_officinale_Tropicos_36467.jpg
             | companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif
             | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/36467
             | reference=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Mar 2014 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/36467>

             | }}

=Organoleptic Characteristics=

=Macroscopic Characteristics=

{{Media |cat=Macroscopy | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
             | mainimage=MOBOT line drawing Zingiber officinale.jpg
             | companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif
             | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/36460
             | caption1=''Zingiber officinale'' - Tropicos.org (Flora of China Illustrations vol. 24, fig. 373, 1-7)
             | reference=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 06 May 2013 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/36460>
             | }}

=Microscopic Characteristics=
{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
             | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
             | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
             | mainimage=Ginger.jpg
             | caption1=Ellipsoidal and irregular starch granules showing one constricted end observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
|source2=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
             | companyimage2= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
             | companyURL2=http://www.alkemist.com
             | image2=Ginger-1.jpg
             | caption2=Fiber showing oblique pores when observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
             | characteristics=cellular structures identified in this botanical specimen are the ellipsoidal and irregular starch granules showing one constricted end and the fiber showing oblique pores when observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
             | reference=Japanese Official Monographs part III
             | }}

=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=

{{HPTLC | source=HPTLC Association
             | companyimage=HPTLC-assoc-Logo-farbig-Text-schwarz-300x47.png
             | companyURL=http://www.hptlc-association.org/
             | mainimage=Zingiber officinale-whiteRT-hptlc-association.png 
             | caption1=''Zingiber officinale'' (rhizome) HPTLC ID - Anisaldehyde reagent, white RT
             | image2=Zingiber officinale-uv366nm-hptlc-association.png
             | caption2=''Zingiber officinale'' (rhizome) HPTLC ID - Anisaldehyde reagent, UV 366 nm
             | description=Ginger (rhizome) (''Zingiber officinale'')
             | reference=USP Dietary Supplements Compendium 2009-2010 (for additional documentation)
             | stationaryphase=Stationary phase, i.e. Silica gel 60, F254
             | mobilephase=Ethyl acetate, formic acid, water 88:6:6 (v/v/v)
             | prep=Sample: Mix 1 g of powdered sample with 10 mL of methanol and sonicate for 10 minutes, then centrifuge or filter the solutions and use the supernatants / filtrates as test solutions.

Derivatization reagent: Anisaldehyde reagent Preparation: 170 mL of ice-cooled methanol are mixed with 20 mL of acetic acid, 10 mL of sulfuric acid, and 1 mL of anisaldehyde.  Use:  Dip (time 0, speed 5), heat at 100C for 3 min.
             | detection=Saturated chamber; developing distance 70 mm from lower edge; relative humidity 33%
             | referencesamples=Reference: Individually dissolve 0.5 mg each of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol in 1 mL of methanol.  Optional: individually dissolve 0.5 mg each of 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol in 1 mL of methanol.
             |
             | lanes=Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):
# 2 μL 6-Gingerol
# 2 μL 8-Gingerol
# 2 μL 10-Gingerol
# 2 μL 6-Shogaol
# 2 μL Ginger rhizome 1
# 2 μL Ginger rhizome 2
# 2 μL Ginger rhizome 3
# 2 μL Ginger rhizome 4
# 2 μL Ginger rhizome 5
# 2 μL Ginger rhizome 6
# 2 μL Ginger rhizome 7
# 2 μL Lesser galangal rhizome
# 2 μL ''Kaempferia galangal'' rhizome
# 2 μL Sharp-leaf galangal fruit
# 2 μL Katsumada galangal semen (''Alpinia katsumadai'')

             | notes=''Images presented in this entry are examples and are not intended to be used as basis for setting specifications for quality control purposes.''

System suitability test:
6-Gingerol: violet zone at Rf ~ 0.24
6-Shogaol: violet zone at Rf ~ 0.53

Identification:
Compare result with reference images.  The fingerprint of the test solution is similar to that of the corresponding botanical reference sample.  Additional weak zones may be present.  Under white light the chromatogram of the test solution shows three violet zones at Rf ~ 0.24, Rf ~ 0.27, and Rf ~ 0.29 corresponding to reference substance 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol.  A violet zone at Rf ~0.53 corresponding to 6-shogaol is present.  Below the zone due to 6-gingerol there are several weak violet zones.  Between 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol other weak zones are visible.  A violet zone at Rf ~ 0.80 may be present.

Test for adulteration:
Under UV 366 nm no green or blue fluorescent zones are seen at Rf ~ 0.22 and 0.34 (Lesser galangal rhizome).  No green fluorescent zone is seen at Rf ~ 0.51 (Sharp-leaf galangal fruit).  No green or reddish fluorescent zones are seen at Rf ~ 0.07 and 0.20 (Katsumada galangal semen (''Alpinia katsumadai'')).
Under white light no pink zone is seen at Rf ~ 0.64 (''Kaempferia galangal'' rhizome).
             | }}

=Supplementary Information=
=Sources=
<references />